However, vacuoles in animal cells primarily store waste materials. Plant cells contain vacuoles that maintain cell shape by retaining fluid and serve as a storage system for vital molecules like amino acids and sugars, as well as for waste disposal. After entering the Golgi apparatus, molecules are modified, sorted, and packaged into vesicles, which are small sacs bound by membranes.
The Golgi apparatus or complex, an organelle found in eukaryotic cells, is responsible for modifying, processing, and transporting proteins and lipids. The outer and inner membranes of mitochondria enclose a gel-like substance called matrix, which holds enzymes that break down nutrients from our diet into ATP, a usable form of energy for the cell. Mitochondria are present in almost all body cells and are comparable to tiny powerhouses that generate the energy required for cellular function.
Researchers have discovered that it is composed of various compartments, each with distinct roles, and that it plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression to ensure proper cell function and health.Ĭhromatin, a substance found in the cell nucleus, holds the DNA that controls cell function, much like an "instruction manual." While loosely packed in non-dividing cells, it condenses during cell division into visible chromosomes, which the cell can easily distribute to the two new daughter cells. The nucleolus, a small structure located within the nucleus of a cell, functions as a factory for creating ribosomes.
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